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# PostgreSQL Backend

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After EMQX version 3.1, a powerful rule engine is introduced to replace plug-ins. It is recommended that you use it. See Save data to PostgreSQL to setup Save data to PostgreSQL in rule engine.

Config file: emqx_backend_pgsql.conf

# Configure PostgreSQL Server

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Support PostgreSQL 13 and below versions

Connection pool of multiple PostgreSQL servers is supported:

## Pgsql Server
backend.pgsql.pool1.server = 127.0.0.1:5432

## Pgsql Pool Size
backend.pgsql.pool1.pool_size = 8

## Pgsql Username
backend.pgsql.pool1.username = root

## Pgsql Password
backend.pgsql.pool1.password = public

## Pgsql Database
backend.pgsql.pool1.database = mqtt

## Pgsql Ssl
backend.pgsql.pool1.ssl = false

## Max number of fetch offline messages. Without count limit if infinity
## backend.pgsql.max_returned_count = 500

## Time Range. Without time limit if infinity
## d - day
## h - hour
## m - minute
## s - second
## backend.pgsql.time_range = 2h

  
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# Configure PostgreSQL Persistence Hooks

## Client Connected Record
backend.pgsql.hook.client.connected.1    = {"action": {"function": "on_client_connected"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## Subscribe Lookup Record
backend.pgsql.hook.client.connected.2    = {"action": {"function": "on_subscribe_lookup"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## Client DisConnected Record
backend.pgsql.hook.client.disconnected.1 = {"action": {"function": "on_client_disconnected"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## Lookup Unread Message QOS > 0
backend.pgsql.hook.session.subscribed.1  = {"topic": "#", "action": {"function": "on_message_fetch"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## Lookup Retain Message
backend.pgsql.hook.session.subscribed.2  = {"topic": "#", "action": {"function": "on_retain_lookup"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## Store Publish Message  QOS > 0
backend.pgsql.hook.message.publish.1     = {"topic": "#", "action": {"function": "on_message_publish"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## Store Retain Message
backend.pgsql.hook.message.publish.2     = {"topic": "#", "action": {"function": "on_message_retain"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## Delete Retain Message
backend.pgsql.hook.message.publish.3     = {"topic": "#", "action": {"function": "on_retain_delete"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## Store Ack
backend.pgsql.hook.message.acked.1       = {"topic": "#", "action": {"function": "on_message_acked"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## Get offline messages
### "offline_opts": Get configuration for offline messages
### max_returned_count: Maximum number of offline messages get at a time
### time_range: Get only messages in the current time range
## backend.pgsql.hook.session.subscribed.1  = {"topic": "#", "action": {"function": "on_message_fetch"}, "offline_opts": {"max_returned_count": 500, "time_range": "2h"}, "pool": "pool1"}

## If you need to store Qos0 messages, you can enable the following configuration
## Tip: When the following configuration is enabled, 'on_message_fetch' needs to be disabled, otherwise qos1, qos2 messages will be stored twice
## backend.pgsql.hook.message.publish.4     = {"topic": "#", "action": {"function": "on_message_store"}, "pool": "pool1"}

  
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# Description of PostgreSQL Persistence Hooks

hook topic action Description
client.connected on_client_connected Store client connected state
client.connected on_subscribe_lookup Subscribed topics
client.disconnected on_client_disconnected Store client disconnected state
session.subscribed # on_message_fetch Fetch offline messages
session.subscribed # on_retain_lookup Lookup retained messages
message.publish # on_message_publish Store published messages
message.publish # on_message_retain Store retained messages
message.publish # on_retain_delete Delete retained messages
message.acked # on_message_acked Process ACK

# SQL Parameters Description

hook Parameters Example (${name} represents available parameter)
client.connected clientid insert into conn(clientid) values(${clientid})
client.disconnected clientid insert into disconn(clientid) values(${clientid})
session.subscribed clientid, topic, qos insert into sub(topic, qos) values(${topic}, ${qos})
session.unsubscribed clientid, topic delete from sub where topic = ${topic}
message.publish msgid, topic, payload, qos, clientid insert into msg(msgid, topic) values(${msgid}, ${topic})
message.acked msgid, topic, clientid insert into ack(msgid, topic) values(${msgid}, ${topic})
message.delivered msgid, topic, clientid insert into delivered(msgid, topic) values(${msgid}, ${topic})

# Configure 'action' with SQL

PostgreSQL backend supports SQL in 'action':

## After a client is connected to the EMQX server, it executes a SQL command (multiple command also supported)
backend.pgsql.hook.client.connected.3 = {"action": {"sql": ["insert into conn(clientid) values(${clientid})"]}, "pool": "pool1"}

  
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# Create PostgreSQL DB

createdb mqtt -E UTF8 -e

  
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# Import PostgreSQL DB & Table Schema

\i etc/sql/emqx_backend_pgsql.sql

  
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DB name is free of choice

# PostgreSQL Client Connection Table

mqtt_client stores client connection states:

CREATE TABLE mqtt_client(
    id SERIAL primary key,
    clientid character varying(100),
    state integer,
    node character varying(100),
    online_at timestamp,
    offline_at timestamp,
    created timestamp without time zone,
    UNIQUE (clientid)
);

  
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Query a client's connection state:

select * from mqtt_client where clientid = ${clientid};

  
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E.g., if client 'test' is online:

select * from mqtt_client where clientid = 'test';

id | clientid | state | node             | online_at           | offline_at        | created
----+----------+-------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------
 1 | test     | 1     | emqx@127.0.0.1 | 2016-11-15 09:40:40 | NULL                | 2016-12-24 09:40:22
(1 rows)

  
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Client 'test' is offline:

select * from mqtt_client where clientid = 'test';

    id | clientid | state | nod            | online_at           | offline_at          | created
----+----------+-------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------
    1 | test     | 0     | emqx@127.0.0.1 | 2016-11-15 09:40:40 | 2016-11-15 09:46:10 | 2016-12-24 09:40:22
(1 rows)

  
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# PostgreSQL Subscription Table

mqtt_sub stores subscriptions of clients:

CREATE TABLE mqtt_sub(
    id SERIAL primary key,
    clientid character varying(100),
    topic character varying(200),
    qos integer,
    created timestamp without time zone,
    UNIQUE (clientid, topic)
);

  
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E.g., client 'test' subscribes to topic 'test_topic1' and 'test_topic2':

insert into mqtt_sub(clientid, topic, qos) values('test', 'test_topic1', 1);
insert into mqtt_sub(clientid, topic, qos) values('test', 'test_topic2', 2);

  
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Query subscription of a client:

select * from mqtt_sub where clientid = ${clientid};

  
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Query subscription of client 'test':

select * from mqtt_sub where clientid = 'test';

    id | clientId     | topic       | qos  | created
----+--------------+-------------+------+---------------------
    1 | test         | test_topic1 |    1 | 2016-12-24 17:09:05
    2 | test         | test_topic2 |    2 | 2016-12-24 17:12:51
(2 rows)

  
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# PostgreSQL Message Table

mqtt_msg stores MQTT messages:

CREATE TABLE mqtt_msg (
  id SERIAL primary key,
  msgid character varying(60),
  sender character varying(100),
  topic character varying(200),
  qos integer,
  retain integer,
  payload text,
  arrived timestamp without time zone
);

  
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Query messages published by a client:

select * from mqtt_msg where sender = ${clientid};

  
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Query messages published by client 'test':

select * from mqtt_msg where sender = 'test';

    id | msgid                         | topic    | sender | node | qos | retain | payload | arrived
----+-------------------------------+----------+--------+------+-----+--------+---------+---------------------
    1  | 53F98F80F66017005000004A60003 | hello    | test   | NULL |   1 |      0 | hello   | 2016-12-24 17:25:12
    2  | 53F98F9FE42AD7005000004A60004 | world    | test   | NULL |   1 |      0 | world   | 2016-12-24 17:25:45
(2 rows)

  
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# PostgreSQL Retained Message Table

mqtt_retain stores retained messages:

CREATE TABLE mqtt_retain(
  id SERIAL primary key,
  topic character varying(200),
  msgid character varying(60),
  sender character varying(100),
  qos integer,
  payload text,
  arrived timestamp without time zone,
  UNIQUE (topic)
);

  
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Query retained messages:

select * from mqtt_retain where topic = ${topic};

  
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Query retained messages with topic 'retain':

select * from mqtt_retain where topic = 'retain';

    id | topic    | msgid                         | sender  | node | qos  | payload | arrived
----+----------+-------------------------------+---------+------+------+---------+---------------------
    1 | retain   | 53F33F7E4741E7007000004B70001 | test    | NULL |    1 | www     | 2016-12-24 16:55:18
(1 rows)

  
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# PostgreSQL Acknowledgement Table

mqtt_acked stores acknowledgements from the clients:

CREATE TABLE mqtt_acked (
  id SERIAL primary key,
  clientid character varying(100),
  topic character varying(100),
  mid integer,
  created timestamp without time zone,
  UNIQUE (clientid, topic)
);

  
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# Enable PostgreSQL Backend

./bin/emqx_ctl plugins load emqx_backend_pgsql

  
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